Toyama Domain
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was a
feudal domain A demesne ( ) or domain was all the land retained and managed by a lord of the manor under the feudal system for his own use, occupation, or support. This distinguished it from land sub-enfeoffed by him to others as sub-tenants. The concept or ...
in
Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was characte ...
Japan, located in Etchū Province (modern-day
Toyama Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshu. Toyama Prefecture has a population of 1,044,588 (1 June 2019) and has a geographic area of 4,247.61 km2 (1,640.01 sq mi). Toyama Prefecture borders Ishikawa Prefecture to the ...
),
Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
. It was centered on
Toyama Castle Toyama Castle moat is a flatland-style Japanese castle located in the city of Toyama, Toyama Prefecture, in the Hokuriku region of Japan. It is also called Azumi Castle (安住城 ''Azumi-jō''). Built in 1543, the castle and its surroundi ...
in what is now the city of
Toyama Toyama may refer to: Places and organizations * Toyama Prefecture, a prefecture of Japan located in the Hokuriku region on the main Honshu island * Toyama, Toyama, the capital city of Toyama Prefecture * Toyama Station, the main station of Toyama, ...
. Throughout its history, it was ruled by a cadet branch of the
Maeda clan was a Japanese samurai clan who occupied most of the Hokuriku region of central Honshū from the end of the Sengoku period through the Meiji restoration of 1868. The Maeda claimed descent from the Sugawara clan of Sugawara no Kiyotomo and Sugaw ...
. The ''daimyō'' of Toyama Domain was subject to ''
sankin-kōtai ''Sankin-kōtai'' ( ja, 参覲交代/参覲交替, now commonly written as ja, 参勤交代/参勤交替, lit=alternate attendance, label=none) was a policy of the Tokugawa shogunate during most of the Edo period of Japanese history.Jansen, M ...
'', and was received in the Ōhiroma of Edo Castle.


History

In 1639, the 3rd ''
daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and nominal ...
'' of Kaga Domain,
Maeda Toshitsune was an early-Edo period Japanese samurai, and the 2nd ''daimyō'' of Kaga Domain in the Hokuriku region of Japan, and the 3rd hereditary chieftain of the Maeda clan. Toshitsune was a brother of Maeda Toshinaga and a son of Maeda Toshiie. He was ...
, retired from office, and divided his domain among his three sons. Kaga Domain went to
Maeda Mitsutaka was an early-Edo period Japanese samurai, and the 3rd ''daimyō'' of Kaga Domain in the Hokuriku region of Japan. He was the 4th hereditary chieftain of the Kanazawa Maeda clan. His courtesy titles were ''Chikuzen-no-kami'' and ''Sakonoe-shosho ...
; however, a 100,000 '' koku'' holding was created for his second son
Maeda Toshitsugu was a feudal domain in Edo period Japan, located in Etchū Province (modern-day Toyama Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Toyama Castle in what is now the city of Toyama. Throughout its history, it was ruled by a cadet branch of the Maed ...
(Toyama Domain), and a 70,000 ''koku'' holding for his third son Maeda Toshiharu ( Daishōji Domain) Initially, Toyama Domain consisted of several discontinuous areas: 60,000 ''koku'' in Nei District, 16,800 ''koku'' in Niikawa District (west bank of the
Kurobe River The is a river in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. in length, it has a watershed of 689 km². The river rises from Mount Washiba in the Hida Mountains and carves the deep valley known as the Kurobe Gorge. It comes out of the mountains at Un ...
, 3170 ''koku'' in seven villages around to town of Toyama and an exclave in
Kaga Province was a province of Japan in the area that is today the south and western portion of Ishikawa Prefecture in the Hokuriku region of Japan. Kaga bordered on Echizen, Etchū, Hida, and Noto Provinces. It was part of Hokurikudō Circuit. Its abb ...
of 20,000 ''koku'' in Nomi District. Although Maeda Toshitsugu moved into Toyama Castle in 1640, initially the castle itself remained part of Kaga Domain and he intended to construct a new castle in a different location within Nei District. However, he was unable to raise the funds for this endeavor and in 1659 reached an agreement with Kaga Domain to exchange the holdings in Niikawa District and the exclave in Kaga Province for Toyama Castle and the surrounding 27,000 ''koku'' of lands. In 1661, he received permission from the
Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...
to rebuild the castle and to layout a new
castle town A castle town is a settlement built adjacent to or surrounding a castle. Castle towns were common in Medieval Europe. Some examples include small towns like Alnwick and Arundel, which are still dominated by their castles. In Western Europe, a ...
. With the development of new rice lands, by the Kyōhō era (1716-1735), the '' kokudaka'' of Toyama Province was assessed at 140,000 ''koku''. The domain had several other sources of income, including fishing, the production of
Traditional Chinese medicine Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative medical practice drawn from traditional medicine in China. It has been described as "fraught with pseudoscience", with the majority of its treatments having no logical mechanism of acti ...
s, production of ''
washi is traditional Japanese paper. The term is used to describe paper that uses local fiber, processed by hand and made in the traditional manner. ''Washi'' is made using fibers from the inner bark of the gampi tree, the mitsumata shrub (''E ...
'' paper, and
sericulture Sericulture, or silk farming, is the cultivation of silkworms to produce silk. Although there are several commercial species of silkworms, '' Bombyx mori'' (the caterpillar of the domestic silkmoth) is the most widely used and intensively stud ...
, which raised its actual ''kokudaka'' to over 200,000 ''koku''. However, this did not mean that the domain was very prosperous, as its subordinate position to Kaga Domain meant that extra revenues were constantly being drained off to repay the debts of the parent domain. Also, Toyama was subject to frequent flooding and other natural disasters. In 1831, most of the town burned down in a fire, and in 1858 an earthquake followed by flooding again destroyed most of the town. The domain under Maeda Toshiatsu was forced to turn to Kaga Domain for financial assistance and to help suppress peasant revolts. During the Boshin War of the
Meiji restoration The , referred to at the time as the , and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Regeneration, Reform, or Renewal, was a political event that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Although there were ...
, the domain sided with the imperial forces, and supplied four companies of soldiers (158 men) in the
Battle of Hokuetsu The was a battle of the Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration, which occurred in 1868 in the northwestern part of Japan, in the area of modern Niigata Prefecture. Background The Boshin War erupted in 1868 between troops favourable to the resto ...
against
Nagaoka Domain was a '' fudai'' feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. It is located in Echigo Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Nagaoka Castle, located in what is now part of the city of Nagaoka in Niigata Prefecture ...
. After the end of the conflict, with the abolition of the han system in July 1871, Toyama Domain became “Toyama Prefecture”, which merged with Ishikawa Prefecture in April 1876. It was separated back out as Toyama Prefecture in May 1883.


Bakumatsu period holdings

As with most domains in the
han system ( ja, 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the Estate (land), estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji (era), Meiji period (1868–1912).Louis Frédéric, Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Han"in ''Japan En ...
, Toyama Domain consisted of discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned '' kokudaka'', based on periodic
cadastral A cadastre or cadaster is a comprehensive recording of the real estate or real property's metes-and-bounds of a country.Jo Henssen, ''Basic Principles of the Main Cadastral Systems in the World,'/ref> Often it is represented graphically in a cad ...
surveys and projected agricultural yields. At the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, the domain consisted of the following holdings: * Etchū Province ** 180 villages in Nomi District **64 villages in Niikawa District


List of daimyō

*


Maeda Toshitsugu

(June 2, 1617 – August 8, 1674) the first ''
daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and nominal ...
'' of Toyama Domain.Japan Department of Railways (1914). ''An Official Guide to Eastern Asia'' (Tokyo: Imperial Japanese Government Railways), p. 255 He was the second son of
Maeda Toshitsune was an early-Edo period Japanese samurai, and the 2nd ''daimyō'' of Kaga Domain in the Hokuriku region of Japan, and the 3rd hereditary chieftain of the Maeda clan. Toshitsune was a brother of Maeda Toshinaga and a son of Maeda Toshiie. He was ...
, the third ''daimyō'' of the Kaga Domain and was granted the courtesy title of chamberlain and Junior 4th Court Rank in his ''
genpuku is a Japanese coming-of-age ceremony which dates back to Japan's classical Nara Period (710–794 AD). /sup> This ceremony marked the transition from child to adult status and the assumption of adult responsibilities. The age of participat ...
'' ceremony in 1631. In 1639, Maeda Toshitsune separated a 100,000 ''koku'' holding from Kaga Domain and elevated him to the status of ''daimyō''. Although Toshitsugu moved into
Toyama Castle Toyama Castle moat is a flatland-style Japanese castle located in the city of Toyama, Toyama Prefecture, in the Hokuriku region of Japan. It is also called Azumi Castle (安住城 ''Azumi-jō''). Built in 1543, the castle and its surroundi ...
in 1640, initially the castle itself remained part of Kaga Domain and he intended to construct a new castle in a different location within Nei District. However, he was unable to raise the funds for this endeavor and in 1659 reached an agreement with Kaga Domain to exchange his holdings in Niikawa District and an exclave in Kaga Province for Toyama Castle and the surrounding 27,000 ''koku'' of lands. In 1661, he received permission from the Tokugawa shogunate to rebuild the castle and to layout a new castle town. During his tenure, he was noted for promulgating the domain's legal code in 1644, and for his work on opening new rice lands, irrigation and
flood control Flood control methods are used to reduce or prevent the detrimental effects of flood waters."Flood Control", MSN Encarta, 2008 (see below: Further reading). Flood relief methods are used to reduce the effects of flood waters or high water level ...
projects, and surveying the domain borders. He fell ill at Edo Castle in 1674, where he died; however, his body was conveyed back to Toyama Castle, where the peasantry were allowed to attend his funeral. Toshitsugu was married to a daughter of
Torii Tadamasa was a Japanese Samurai and Daimyo of the Edo period, who served Tokugawa Shogunate. He was a son of Torii Mototada, a retainer of Tokugawa Ieyasu. In 1603, following the Battle of Sekigahara, he become the first lord (''daimyō'') of Iwakitair ...
, ''daimyō'' of
Yamagata Domain was a feudal domain in Edo period Japan, located in Dewa Province (modern-day Yamagata Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Yamagata Castle in what is now the city of Yamagata. Unlike some ''han'' whose control was relatively stable througho ...
.


Maeda Masatoshi

(September 8, 1649 – May 30, 1706) was the second ''daimyō'' of Toyama Domain. Masatoshi was the second son of Maeda Toshitsugu and became ''daimyō'' on the death of his father in 1674. Although he continued the
public works Public works are a broad category of infrastructure projects, financed and constructed by the government, for recreational, employment, and health and safety uses in the greater community. They include public buildings ( municipal buildings, sc ...
projects begun by his father, the domain faced financial problems as much of the best farmland in the area remained under the control of Kaga Domain, which also raided the treasury of Toyama Domain whenever it needed funds. He attempted to start new industries, including the selling of
Traditional Chinese medicine Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative medical practice drawn from traditional medicine in China. It has been described as "fraught with pseudoscience", with the majority of its treatments having no logical mechanism of acti ...
s, for which Toyama later became famous. In 1681, he was called upon to send his forces to
Takada Domain , was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. It was located in Echigo Province, in the Hokuriku region of Honshū. The domain was centered at Takada Castle, located in what is now part of the city of Jōetsu in ...
in Echigo Province to enforce the
attainder In English criminal law, attainder or attinctura was the metaphorical "stain" or "corruption of blood" which arose from being condemned for a serious capital crime (felony or treason). It entailed losing not only one's life, property and hereditar ...
of that domain. He died in 1706 at the age of 58. His wife was a daughter of Nakagawa Hisakiyo of
Oka Domain Oka or OKA may refer to: Cars * Oka (automobile), a small car designed by AvtoVAZ and produced by ZMA and SeAZ * OKA 4wd, a large 4-wheel-drive vehicle made in Western Australia by OKA Military * 2B1 Oka, Soviet 420 mm self-propelled morta ...
.


Maeda Toshioki

(July 15, 1678 – June 30, 1733) was the third ''daimyō'' of Toyama Domain. Toshioki was born in Toyama as the second son of Maeda Masatoshi, and inherited the domain and its problems on his father's death in 1706. Financial problems forced him to lay off 60 retainers, to become more severe in tax collection and to pass sumptuary laws. He also taxed tobacco and soy sauce in an effort to raise more funds. However, the Tokugawa shogunate made matters worse by assigning the reconstruction of the temple of
Zōjō-ji is a Jōdo-shū Buddhist temple in Tokyo, Japan. It is the main temple of the Jōdo-shū ("Pure Land") Chinzei sect of Buddhism in the Kantō region,. Its mountain name is San'en-zan (三縁山). Zōjō-ji is notable for its relationship wit ...
in Edo to Toyama Domain in 1713. In 1714, Toyama Castle burned down and in 1723 rebuilding of its ramparts cost the domain 17,000 ''koku'' in revenues. He retired in 1724 and died in 1733 at the age of 56. Toshioki's wife was a daughter of Maeda Toshinao of Daishōji Domain.


Maeda Toshitaka

(December 11, 1690 – January 22, 1745) was the fourth ''daimyō'' of Toyama Domain. Toshitaka was born in Kanazawa as the 5th son of Maeda Masatoshi. He became ''daimyō'' when his brother retired in 1724. He was able to do little to affect the fiscal situation of the domain. He died in 1744 at the age of 56.


Maeda Toshiyuki

(January 29, 1730 – October 20, 1762) was the fifth ''daimyō'' of Toyama Domain. Toshiyuki was born in Toyama as the eldest son of Maeda Toshitaka. He became ''daimyō'' in 1745, a couple of months after his father's death. In order to rectify the domain's finances, he encouraged the formation of the ''kabunakama'' system, with price controls and 15-year extensions on the repayment of loans, all to no avail. He died in 1764 at the age of 34. His wife was a daughter of Maeda Toshinori of Kaga Domain.


Maeda Toshitomo

(November 11, 1737 – September 15, 1794) was the sixth ''daimyō'' of Toyama Domain. Toshitomo was the fourth son of Maeda Toshitaka, and was born in Toyama. In 1762, on the sudden death of his brother, Maeda Toshiyuki, he became interim ''daimyō'' as Toshiyuki's son, Maeda Toshihisa, was still an infant. In 1763, the Tokugawa shogunate assigned Toyama Domain the task of repairs of the
Nikkō Tōshō-gū is a Tōshō-gū Shinto shrine located in Nikkō, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. Together with Futarasan Shrine and Rinnō-ji, it forms the Shrines and Temples of Nikkō UNESCO World Heritage Site, with 42 structures of the shrine included in t ...
. The expense came to over 110,000 ''
ryō The was a gold currency unit in the shakkanhō system in pre- Meiji Japan. It was eventually replaced with a system based on the '' yen''. Origins The ''ryō'' was originally a unit of weight from China, the ''tael.'' It came into use in Jap ...
''. In 1771, the shogunate again called on Toyama Domain, this time to dispatch troops to Hida Province to suppress a revolt. In 1775, the domain was called upon to repair dikes for flood control in Kai Province, and again in
Mino Province was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today southern Gifu Prefecture. Mino was bordered by Ōmi to the west, Echizen and Hida to the north, and Shinano to the east, and Ise, Mikawa, and Owari to the south. Its abbreviat ...
in 1788. These demands from the shogunate caused the domain to default on its loans, and it was forced to lay off hundreds of its samurai. In 1773, a
han school The was an educational institution in the Edo period of Japan, originally established to educate children of '' daimyō'' (feudal lords) and their retainers in the domains outside of the capital. These institutions were also known as ''hanga ...
was established. Toshitomo retired in 1777 and died in 1794 at the age of 58. His wife was a daughter of Maeda Toshnao of Daishōji Domain.


Maeda Toshihisa

(April 10, 1762 – September 18, 1787) was the seventh ''daimyō'' of Toyama Domain. Toshihisa was born in Toyama as the eldest son of Maeda Toshiyuki. He was an infant when his father died in 1762, so his uncle, Maeda Toshitomo, became ''daimyō'' instead. He was adopted as Toshitomo's heir in 1763 and became ''daimyō'' on Toshitomo's retirement in 1777. He died in 1787 at the age of 26 with an uneventful tenure.


Maeda Toshinori

(December 22, 1768 – October 3, 1801) was the eighth ''daimyō'' of Toyama Domain. Toshinori was born in Edo as the eldest son of Maeda Toshitomo. He was adopted by Maeda Toshihisa as heir, and after Toshihisa's sudden death a few months later, he was made ''daimyō''. In 1788, the domain was called upon by the Tokugawa shogunate to repair dikes and flood control projects in Mino Province, which the domain could ill afford. He died in 1801 at the age of 35. Toshinori's wife was a daughter of Mōri Shigenari of Chōshū Domain.


Maeda Toshitsuyo

(January 2, 1772 – August 31, 1836) was the ninth ''daimyō'' of Toyama Domain. Toshitsuyo was born in Edo as the eighth son of Maeda Toshimichii of Daishōji Domain. As Maeda Toshinori died in 1801 leaving a two-year-old son, Toshitsuyo was selected by the Maeda clan to become ''daimyō''. In an effort to rectify the domain's perennial financial problems, he pushed for the development of new rice lands, new monopolies and increased taxes; however, inflation together with these financial measures resulted in a peasant revolt in 1813. In 1831, the castle town of Toyama was largely destroyed by a fire. The domain issued paper currency in 1833. The same year, he annoused a five-year plan for restructuring the clan's finances, and invited a merchant from
Osaka is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of ...
, Ishida Kozaemon to Toyama as his financial advisor. Ishida had a record of successfully restructuring the finances of ten other domains and several institutions, such as the
Nishi Hongan-ji is a Jōdo Shinshū Buddhist temple in the Shimogyō ward of Kyoto, Japan. It serves as the head temple of the sub-sect Honganji-ha. It is one of two Jōdo Shinshū temple complexes in Kyoto, the other being Higashi Hongan-ji, which is the ...
temple in
Kyoto Kyoto (; Japanese language, Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin, Keihanshin metropolitan area along wi ...
and was initially received in Toyoma with enthusiasm; however, towards the end of stipulated period, the domain's situation was even worse off than before. However, Maeda Toshitsuyo died in 1836 at the age of 66.


Maeda Toshiyasu

was the tenth ''daimyō'' of Toyama Domain. He was born in Edo as the second son of Maeda Toshinori, but was still underage on his father's death, so the domain was assigned to Maeda Toshitsuyo instead. In 1811, he was adopted by Toshitsuyo to restore the line of succession and became ''daimyō'' in 1835 when Toshitsuyo retired due to illness. On taking office, the domain was hit hard by a crop failure, which continued through 1838 as part of the
Tenpō famine The Tenpō famine (天保の飢饉, ''Tenpō no kikin''), also known as the Great Tenpō famine (天保の大飢饉, ''Tenpō no daikikin'') was a famine that affected Japan during the Edo period. Considered to have lasted from 1833 to 1837, it wa ...
. The domain defaulted on all its debts, and was forced to take a 30,000 ''ryō'' loan from the shogunate in 1838, followed by an additional 25,000 ''ryō'' the following year. In 1841, the domain reported that it did not have the funds to make its required '' sankin kōtai'' to Edo. In 1846, citing ill heath, Toshiyasu went into retirement in favor of his sixth son, Maeda Toshitomo. His wife was a daughter of
Asano Narikata Asano Narikata (November 5, 1773 – January 4, 1831) was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Edo period, who ruled the Hiroshima Domain. His childhood name was Jinnosuke (時之丞) later Zenjirō (善次郎). Family * Father: Asano Shigeakira * Mother ...
of
Hiroshima Domain The was a domain of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1601 to 1871. The Hiroshima Domain was based at Hiroshima Castle in Aki Province, in the modern city of Hiroshima, located in the Chūgoku region of the island of H ...
. Toshiyasu was also a noted naturalist and entomologist. He organized a society of like-minded officials to meet monthly to discuss a specific topic, and studied
Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People E ...
and French to better understand Siebold's Fauna Japonica and Flora Japonica). He also translated the Systema Naturae from Dutch into
Japanese Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspor ...
.


Maeda Toshitomo

was the eleventh ''daimyō'' of Toyama Domain. Toshitomo was born in Edo as the sixth son of Maeda Toshiyasu. He became ''daimyō'' on his father's retirement in 1846. He was only 12 years old at the time and was in poor health, so all governance was left in the hands of his parents and senior retainers. This led to a conflict between the retainers based in Edo and those remaining in Toyama, which erupted in an ''
O-Ie Sōdō O-Ie Sōdō (, "house strife") were noble family disputes within the samurai and aristocratic classes of Japan, particularly during the early Edo period (17th century). The most famous is the '' Date Sōdō'', which broke out among the Date family ...
'' on his death in 1854 at the age of 20.


Maeda Toshikata

was the twelfth ''daimyō'' of Toyama Domain. Toshikata was born in Edo as the seventh son of Maeda Toshiyasu. In December 1853, he was adopted by his sickly brother as heir and became ''daimyō'' on his brother's death a few months later. The domain continued to be plagued by crop failures, fiscal insolvency and a political issue between domain retainers based in Toyama and those based in Edo. The situation peaked in 1857 when
Maeda Nariyasu was an Edo period Japanese samurai, and the 12th ''daimyō'' of Kaga Domain in the Hokuriku region of Japan. He was the 13th hereditary lord of the Kanazawa Maeda clan. Biography Nariyasu was born in Kanazawa in 1811,
of Kaga Domain was forced to step in to resolve the conflict, which he did by largely firing the members of the Edo faction. Toshikata was also sidelined, allegedly for poor health in 1857 and his father ruled from behind-the-scenes for the next two years. In 1858, the domain suffered from the 1858 Hietsu earthquake, which severely damaged Toyama Castle and the surrounding caste town, and a landslide blocked the flow of the Jōganji River for two weeks, until the dam burst causing great damage and loss of life. Toshikata retired shortly afterwards and Toyama Domain came under the direct supervision of Kaga Domain. Toshikata's grave is at the temple of Emmei-in in
Arakawa, Tokyo is a special ward located in Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. The ward takes its name from the river, the Arakawa, though the Arakawa River does not run through or touch the ward. Its neighbors are the wards of Adachi, Kita, Bunkyo, Taito and Sumi ...
.


Maeda Toshiatsu

Count was the thirteenth (and final) ''daimyō'' of Toyama Domain. Toshiatsu was born in Edo as the 11th son of Maeda Nariyasu of Kaga Domain in 1859. He was selected to be ''daimyō'' on the forced retirement of Maeda Toshikata. However, Toshiatsu was only three years old at the time, therefore Toyama came effectively under the direct control of Kaga Domain. From 1869 until the abolition of the han system he was appointed imperial governor of Toyama, and afterwards relocated to
Tokyo Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 ...
. From October Meiji 4 to December Meiji 6 he studied in
Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
, and visited
London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
before returning to Japan. From April 1882 he served in the
Foreign Ministry In many countries, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the government department responsible for the state's diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral relations affairs as well as for providing support for a country's citizens who are abroad. The entit ...
as secretary on French affairs and later served in the
Imperial Household Ministry The (IHA) is an agency of the government of Japan in charge of state matters concerning the Imperial Family, and also the keeping of the Privy Seal and State Seal of Japan. From around the 8th century AD, up until the Second World War, it ...
. In 1884, he was elevated to ''hakushaku'' (count) in the ''
kazoku The was the hereditary peerage of the Empire of Japan, which existed between 1869 and 1947. They succeeded the feudal lords () and court nobles (), but were abolished with the 1947 constitution. Kazoku ( 華族) should not be confused with ...
'' peerage system. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1921 at his home in Shitaya, Tokyo at the age of 66. He was awarded 2nd Court Rank on his death. His wife was a daughter of
Matsudaira Terutoshi The was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture). During the Sengoku period, the chieftain of the main line of t ...
of
Takasaki Domain 270px, Surviving yagura of Takasaki Castle, headquarters of Takasaki Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Kōzuke Province (modern-day Gunma Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Takasaki Cas ...
. His grave is at the temple of
Gokoku-ji is a Shingon Buddhist temple in Tokyo's Bunkyō. History This Buddhist temple was established by the fifth shōgun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, who dedicated it to his mother. It is notable for surviving the American air raids during World War II, w ...
in Tokyo. The title passed to his adopted son, Count . He was born as the 5th son of Mizoguchi Naomasa, ''daimyō'' of
Shibata Domain was a '' tozama'' feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. It is located in Echigo Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Shibata Castle, located in what is now the city of Shibata in Niigata Prefecture. It ...
. A graduate of the Faculty of Agriculture of
Tokyo Imperial University , abbreviated as or UTokyo, is a public research university located in Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan. Established in 1877, the university was the first Imperial University and is currently a Top Type university of the Top Global University Project by ...
in 1913, he served as a secretary to the
Prime Minister of Japan The prime minister of Japan (Japanese: 内閣総理大臣, Hepburn: ''Naikaku Sōri-Daijin'') is the head of government of Japan. The prime minister chairs the Cabinet of Japan and has the ability to select and dismiss its Ministers of Sta ...
and adjutant to
Prince Chichibu , was the second son of Emperor Taishō (Yoshihito) and Empress Teimei (Sadako), a younger brother of Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito) and a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. As a member of the Imperial House of Japan, he was the patron of severa ...
He became Count on his father's death in 1922 and served as a member of the House of Peers. He was succeeded by his son, , and grandson .


Further reading

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External links


Toyama Domain on "Edo 300 HTML"


Notes

{{Authority control Domains of Japan 1639 establishments in Japan States and territories established in 1639 1871 disestablishments in Japan States and territories disestablished in 1871 Etchū Province History of Toyama Prefecture Maeda clan